This document provides a framework for using long-chain PHPA polymer in foundation piling. It draws from articles and studies from the US and experience across Australia and New Zealand.

Bentonite is a very reactive clay that shrinks or swells markedly in response to the removal or addition of water.

Bentonite consists mainly of smectite minerals (swelling or expandable clay), commonly formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash or sometimes from other igneous or sedimentary rocks.

Thread grease is designed to lubricate, seal and prevent galling. It helps to provide protection against corrosion and metal-to-metal contact in drill rods. At its most basic, an appropriate thread grease makes it easier to do up and undo your rods, as well as maintaining them in the best state - to maximise the life you get out of them.